Sawing or filing machine



Dec. 7, 1937,

SAWING OR FILING MACHINE Filed Aug. 22, 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 III/11711111111111! lia] INVENTOR. [dd 6. OZU er.

A TTORNE Y.

Patented Dec. 7, 1937 SAWING a FILING MACHINE Edd C. Oliver, Adrian, Mich.

Application August 22, 1934, Serial No. 740,940

8 Claims.

This invention relates to sawing or filing maclnnes particularly of a character for work on metal, and an object of the invention is to provide a new and unique structure for this purpose of such form and arrangement as to provide a ready access to beneath the work table for the attaching or detaching of the cutting tool at the lower end and in which the work table is tiltable and in which a new and unique means isprol0 vided for preventing lateral play of the tool in the cutting operation through strains imposed thereon by pressure of the work.

It is also an object and feature of the invention to provide a means for discharging air to 15 the work at the cutting point that is steady in its fiow and not pulsating by providing a pump discharging to a chamber containing the driving apparatus whereby pressure is applied to the oil and wherein the air is practically freed from oil content prior to passing to the outlet discharging against the surface of the work adjacent the saw or file.

It is also a feature of the invention to provide a construction that is readily adjustable to vary the length of reciprocation of the tool and the speed at which the tool may be reciprocated as may be required for various classes of work.

A further and major feature and object of the invention resides in the means for automatically feeding the work against the tool.

These and other objects and novel features of construction are hereinafter more fully described and claimed, and the preferred form of construction of a sawing and filing machine embodying my invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in which- Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of my improved machine.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section partially in elevation taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the means for looking the end of a saw or file taken on line 33 Lil of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line i=i of 45 Fig.

Fig. 11 is a view in elevation of the device for varying the stroke of the reciprocating head.

Fig. 12 is a section taken on line l2|2 of Fig. 1 showing the leakage and pressure compensating device for the table feeding mechanism. 5.

Fig. 13 is an elevation of one of the ears by which the table may be tilted to lie at an angle to the horizontal.

The machine in its preferred form comprises a hollow base I and at the rear of this base, as will be understood from Fig. 1 are two standards 2 and 3 between which is the tubular member 4, shown clearly in section Figs. 2 and 7, to which the tool supporting arms 5 and H are secured, a cross bar 6 being provided and bolted to the 15 half round end of the arm 5 to clamp the army in place. The cross bar 5, shown in Fig. 2, has a locating pin 1 the point of which enters an aperture provided in the tube a to position the lower arm 5 parallel with the upper arm H. The bar 6 extends each way from the tube to the rear of the standards 2 and 3 which have plane surfaces 8 engaged by shoes 9 in each case and adjustable by means of a screw Ill in each instance to prevent the tube 4 from being turned by pressure of the work on the tool which has its lower end supported by the arm 5. By adjustment of the screws H! the arm 5 supporting the lower end of the saw blade or file is held from side play through pressure of the operating pitman. The arm I l is pivotally supported at the upper end of the tube 4- by a pivot pin 12 which is shown in longitudinal section in Fig. 9 wherein it is seen that the upper end of the tube 4 is provided with a bifurcated head l3 to receive the end of the v arm H.

As shown in Fig. 2, the head l3 has an extension l4 provided with a threaded aperture l5 in which the screw l6 may be inserted and has an unthreaded aperture aligned with a threaded aperture in the arm II as shown in Fig. 2 into which the screws It may be inserted to hold the arm I I against the extension M. In the position of the screw shown in Fig. 2, the arm i2 is held down against the end of the extension l4 and this is used in the case of a file or similar tool not being required to be placed in tension but when a saw blade is used which requires tension, the screw l6 may be inserted in the other aperture and pressure applied to the under side of the arm H tending to raise the same. The arms 5 and H at their outer ends shown in Fig. 8 have an aperture to receive the shank of a tool holder H and I8 respectively, each having a split end portion and a screw is as shown to clamp the same in place, which screw permits adjustment of the holder shanks l1 and I8.

As shown in section in Fig. 3, the holders I1 and i 8 are provided with a clamp 20 in which the end 2| of a saw blade or file may be secured. The position of the saw blade is indicated by dotted lines 2| in Fig. 2 extending between the upper and lower holders. Thus, in the position of these arms reciprocation of the tubular member 4 will cause a vertical reciprocation of the tool. The tube 4 carrying these arms is supported in a lower longitudinal bearing 22 in a casting 23 mounted on the upper end of the base and between the arms is supported a longitudinal bearing 24 provided in a cross member 25 preferably formed integrally with the two standards 2 and 3 extending upwardly from the base.

Reciprocation of the tube is produced through rotation of the shaft 26 which is driven as hereinafter described. On this shaft and in a recessed part 21 at the rear of the base is a crank wheel 28 shown in elevation in Fig. 11. This wheel has an undercut groove 29 formed therein opening to an aperture 36 in the wheel to receive the head of the T bolt 3| and by which the T bolt may be positioned at varying distances from the center of rotation of the shaft 26 on which this wheel is mounted. As shown in Fig. 2, the wheel has a hub 32 pinned to the shaft and supported by an anti-friction bearing in the recessed member 2'1. The T bolt is arranged to receive an end of the pitman 34, the opposite end of which is secured to a stub shaft 35 on the cross bar 6 and thus, by rotation of the wheel 28, the pitman reciprocates the tubular structure 4 and the arms carrying the tool holders and the tool.

The shaft 26 by means of which the pitman 34 is operated is driven by a motor 36 on the shaft of which is a stepped pulley 31 which, by the belt 38, may drive the stepped pulley 39 attached to the cross shaft 40. It is to be understood that the pulley 31 is movable longitudinally of the shaft to align one or the other of the same with one or the other of the pulleys 39 and thus secure various speeds of reciprocation of the tool. The shaft 40 has a worm 4| thereon meshing with a worm wheel 42 secured to the hub of the cone clutch element 43 loosely mounted on the shaft 26. This member 43 of the cone clutch is held from displacement longitudinally of the shaft by the thrust collar 44 at the clutch end and a cam 45 secured to the hub of a counterweight ||3 positioned between the end of the clutch hub and the hub 32 of the wheel 28 as shown in Fig. 8.

The opposite companion clutch element indicated at 46 is pressed to engagement with the clutch member 43 by the springs 41. A release member 48 is secured on the shaft 49 as shown in Fig. 5. The clutch member 49 consists of a pivoted yoke 58 riding in a circumferential groove 5| in the clutch member 46. The shaft 49 may be operated by the foot pedal 52 connected by a rod 53 with a lever 54 attached to the shaft 49 as shown in Fig. 2. By depressing the pedal, the clutch member 49 may be released and thereafter the shaft 26 can be turned by a hand wheel 55. This manual turning of the shaft is desirable when the parts are to be adjusted as for instance the throw of the crank wheel 28.

The motor is mounted on a plate like member 56 pivoted to the base of the machine. This member 56 has a notch 57 in its upper edge to receive the comparatively thin plate 58 having a. series of notches or countersinks 59 in the edge thereof engaging in the slot 51. A screw 60 is threaded through an aperture provided in the member 56 to engage any of these notches 59. The plate 58 is pivoted to ears 6| on the base and has a lug 62 in its upper edge which, when the pin 60 has been released, permits the plate 58 to be turned upwardly with the lug 62 engaging in a notch provided therefor in the crank wheel 58. This holds the crank wheel and consequently the shaft 26 from rotation and permits adjustment of the crank by shifting the T bolt 3| in its groove or way 29.

The work table, as indicated at 64 in Fig. 2, has a central aperture 65 at the upper side of which is a thin plate 66 apertured to receive the saw blade or file 2|. The table is pivotally supported to tilt at an angle laterally of the plane of reciprocation of the tool and also to be tilted at a right angle to said plane of adjustment. For the purposes of adjustment, the table is supported by spaced brackets 61 on opposite sides, as shown in elevation in Fig. 1, wherein it will be seen that the vertical portion of the bracket has an arcuate slot 68 and a bolt 69 is provided to fasten the same to the supporting arm 16. The face H at the end of the arm 20 is machined for contact with the machined face of the depending portion of the bracket 61 and is further provided with an arcuate groove 12 on the same axis as the slot 68 in the bracket 61. The bracket has a rib engaging the groove as will be understood from Fig. 1. By this means the table may be tilted toward the front or the rear of the machine. For tilting in a plane at a right angle to said first plane, the two arms 10 to which the brackets 61 are secured are connected at their bottom ends by an arcuate member 13 riding in an undercut way provided in the top of the portion 23 supported on the base. The forward edge of this member I3 may be clamped by means of plates 14 each of which has an aperture for a stud bolt 15 and by means of the nut may be tightened on the outer tapered edge of the arcuate slide 13. This permits the work table to be adjusted at an angle laterally of the saw blade. These arms 10 are of such length and so spaced as to permit ready access to the lower end of the saw clamp.

There is a bracket 16 mounted on the cylindrical shaft like portion 11 extending upwardly from each of the standards 2 and 3 at the rear of the machine and these brackets I6 have at their forward ends a cylindrical aperture to receive a shank 18 of the work holding fingers which are adjustable rotatably and vertically in the arms to engage the upper surface of the work. One bracket 16 has a side extension 19 to the center of the machine for holding the support 86 for a bar 8| slidable therein to position a roller 82 at the forward end against the rear edge of the saw blade above the work. A similar roller 83 is carried on a rod 84 longitudinally slidable in an aperture provided in the under side of the table. A set screw may be utilized to clamp this bar 84 in the adjusted position to hold the roller 83 in pressure engagement with the tool. The two rollers 82 and 83 above and below the work table support the saw or file against pressure of the work.

To force the work to engagement with the saw or file, a screw 85 is provided at the forward edge of the table. This screw is mounted in a threaded aperture in a head 85 projecting above the table surface as shown in Fig. 2. This head is carried on a plate 81 reciprocable in a way provided on the under side of the table and to the table is bolted a plate 88 bored out at its center to provide a cylinder to receive a piston 89. Thus the plate 81 slides between the member 88 and the under surface of the table 64.

In the normal position of the parts, the head 86 on the sliding plate 81 is spaced from the table as indicated at 99. The bottom end of the cylinder for the piston 89 is connected by a pipe 9I to the bottom of a cylinder 92, a section of which is shown in Fig. 12. An aperture 92* discharging to the gear case is provided in the cylinder 92 to prevent an accumulation of oil above the piston 99. Leading from the bottom of the cylinder 92 is a pipe 93 which is open to the bottom of a cylinder 94 having ports 95 opening to the gear case formed by the hollow base I. In this latter cylinder is a piston 96 having a roller 91 at the end projecting from the cylinder and engaging the cam 45 on the shaft 26. A spring 98 is provided in the cylinder tending to hold the roller in engagement with the cam and on the up stroke of the piston 96 opens the ports 95 and permits oil in the gear case formed by the hollow base I to pass into the cylinder below the piston. On the down stroke of the piston and subsequent to closing the ports, oil under pressure is transferred to the cylinder 92 in which is a plunger 99 raised by oil pressure against the spring I99. This spring is adjustable in tension by the screw IEII which also provides a closure for the cylinder. The cam 45, as shown in Fig. 6, has a high point 45' which is a gradual rise from the low point. Therefore a constantly increasing quantity of oil is discharged to the line 93 and thence to the line 9| and to beneath the piston 89 under the work table to gradually move the same. Upon completion of this pumping stroke the cut away portion at 45" of the cam gives a quick relief and practical cessation of pressure which occurs at the completion of the cutting stroke of the tool.

Thus on the up-stroke or idle stroke the tool is practically free from engagement with the work and as the cam continues to rotate the piston is gradually returned to original position shown in Fig. 2 when the low point of the cam engages the roller 9'5.

Oil under pressure in the pipe line 9| is applied to between the outer end of the piston 89 and outer end of the cylinder in the plate or block 88 forcing the piston outward to the left in Fig. 2 against a stop I82 on the plate 81 and consequently moves the screw 85 to the left and moves the work to engagement with the tool. The small space 98 between the head 86 and the table limits the extent of automatic feed of the work by oil pressure.

In an automatic device for applying pressure to the work, the attendant cannot leave the machine for the reason that the work will be moved beyond a desired point while absent from the machine but by this arrangement the cutting operation will not proceed except as to the limit of space of movement of the head 86 and thus the machine while in operation would cease its cutting until the attendant had adjusted the screw 85 to again bring the head 86 out of contact with the table end. The oil tube 9I may be provided with a coil I03 to permit tilting of the table or it may be of flexible tubing. Thus in the continuance of the operation of the machine, the screw is forced against the work when the slide is under pressure to feed the work against the saw or file until the head 86 engages the table 84 or a notch in the table in which the head 86 may be positioned.

As the work progresses and. the head 86 feeds toward the tool, the operator simply adjusts the screw against the work to keep the head out of contact with the end of the table but if the workman neglects to adjust the tool for any reason, as by his attention being called away from the work for an interval, the machine will cease to feed the work and thus cease to cut the work until the machine has been adjusted by the operator to cause the plate 8'! and head 86 to move. The cylinder 92 and spring-pressed plunger 99 therein is a pressure equalizing device and also compensates for leakage in the line 9I or connected parts. It is to be noted that the piston 89, on adjustment of the screw 85 when engaging the Work, is forced to the right by the stop I82 on the plate 81 and thus at each adjustment the plate is reset for successive automatic feeding operations.

The pump I04 hereinbefore referred to as being on the shaft 49 is shown in transverse section in Fig. 1 and in section at a right angle thereto in Fig. 10 and consists of a stator I85 in which is a rotor I96. The rotor has a cross aperture in which the blades Ill! and I88 are located pressed apart by a spring as shown in Fig. 10. The stator opens at I09 to a passageway H opening at its opposite end to the interior of the gear case. The intake to the pump is provided on a plate III which secures the pump in place within the recess provided in the pump casing I94 and this plate has a channel II2 opening to the pump cylinder as indicated by dotted lines H2 in Fig. 10.

Through rotation of the rotor, air is drawn into the pump through the channel II2 as the blade I01 passes the intake and air forward of this blade IU'I is carried to and discharged through the opening I99 to the channel H8 and new air is drawn into the pockets on the rear side of the blades as they pass the air inlet ports .I I2. This air is discharged into the gear case and as the shaft 40 is provided with a splasher H4 as shown in Fig. 1 there is an oil spray in the gear case or chamber. This oil is usually above the center of the shaft 26 and pressure on the oil causes the same to feed to the pump cylinder 94 through a channel 95 provided therefor and will also keep the various bearings and the gearing properly oiled.

At the top of the base I is placed a plate II having a series of small apertures therein as shown in Fig. 2 and above this is the hollow casting 23 providing an air chamber H6. The apertured plate H5 prevents oil splashing up into this chamber II 6 and air after passing through the said apertures becomes freed of material oil content. Thus the chamber II6 as well as the upper part of the hollow base IGI provides a reservoir for air and, as it is desirable to have a constant flow of air against the work at the point the tool is operating thereon, I provide a tube III opening at I78 to the chamber H6.

The tube has a nozzle end II9, as shown in' paratively large chamber to which air is delivered by the pump.

The principal features of the invention are involved in the automatic oil feed whereby, through the manual adjustment, a continued feed of the work into the tool under oil pressure may be secured and also involves the application of pressure to the work during the cutting stroke of the tool and a relief of pressure engagement of the work with the tool on the idle stroke. Also through use of a spring-pressed piston and cylinder 92 the pressure with which the oil is discharged to beneath the cylinder 89 is determined and through adjustment of the screw IOI may be varied. This cylinder also operates to take excess oil not utilized by the feed cylinder for the piston 89. Also a feature of the invention is involved in the variation in speed of reciprocation of the tool, the length of the stroke of the tool and the maintenance thereof from displacement through side pressure of the work which, if permitted, will cause the tool to be moved to cut one side or the other of a predetermined line.

It is further pointed out that various departures from the specific structures shown may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A machine of the character described comprising a base, a reciprocable member thereabove, a tool reciprocable thereby, a work table supported by the base and apertured. to permit reciprocation of the tool, a feed mechanism for the work, comprising a slide, a screw adjustable in the slide and engaging the work, means for applying hydraulic pressure to the slide to move the screw and therefore the work toward the cutting tool, and means limiting movement of the slide by the hydraulic pressiue to a distance less than that required to complete the work.

2. A machine of the character described comprising a base, a reciprocable member carried thereby, a tool reciprocable by said member, a work table having an aperture through which the tool is reciprocable, a feed mechanism for the work, comprising a slide, a screw adjustable in the slide and engaging the work, means for applying hydraulic pressure to the slide to thereby move the screw and the work toward the cutting tool, the said slide having a limited movement relative to the table less than the movement thereof required to complete the work whereby movement of the work toward the tool by hydraulic pressure is limited, adjustment of the screw when in engagement with the work permitting the slide to be reset in relation to the table to provide for continued feed of the work into the tool by hydraulic pressur 3. A machine of the character described comprising a base, a reciprocable member supported thereby, driving means therefor, means for varying the stroke of the said member, a tool reciprocable by said member, a work table apertured to permit movement of the tool therethrough, a feed mechanism for the work, comprising a slide supported beneath the table, a screw adjustable in the slide and extending over the upper surface of the table to engage the work, means operable by the driving means for applying hydraulic pressure to the slide and thereby move the screw and work toward the cutting tool, and means limiting the extent of movement of the slide by the hydraulic pressure to a. distance less than that required to complete the work.

4. A machine of the character described comprising a base, a work table supported by the base and having an aperture through which the tool is movable in performing a cutting operation on work, a feed mechanism for moving the work into the tool, comprising a slide on the under side of the table, said slide having a portion projecting above the table surface, a screw threaded in said last named portion of the slide adjustable to engage the work, said projecting portion of the slide being in spaced relation with the forward edge of the table, and means for applying hydraulic pressure to the slide to move the same and the screw to feed the work into the cutting tool until the said projecting portion engages the table edge, the screw when in engagement with the work providing means for manually moving the slide and the said projecting portion in an opposite direction whereby the feed may be continued under hydraulic pressure.

5. A machine of the character described, comprising a chambered base, a reciprocable member supported thereby, a cutting tool carried by the reciprocable member having a cutting and an idle stroke, a working table having an aperture through which the tool is movable, a feed mechanism for the work, comprising a slide supported beneath the table, a screw adjustable in the slide and extending over the upper surface of the table to engage the work, a cylinder beneath the work table, a piston in the cylinder, said slide having a portion engageable by the piston, gearing in the chambered base for causing reciprocation of the said reciprocable member, said chambered base containing a quantity of oil for lubrication, a pump cylinder at the bottom of the said chamber of the base having an opening to the interior thereof, a piston reciprocable in the said cylinder, said gearing being operatively associated with the pump piston to reciprocate the same, a discharge conduit leading from said pump cylinder to the cylinder associated with the slide whereby oil is forced to the free piston to move the same and thereby move the slide, and a pressure and leakage compensating member in the said conduit, comprising a cylinder, and a spring-pressed piston therein movable in the cylinder by pressure of the oil and acting to equalize the pressure on the feeding piston throughout the cutting stroke of the cutting tool.

6. A machine of the character described, comprising a chambered base, a member vertically reciprocable in the base, mechanism in the base for reciprocating the said member, a cutting tool reciprocable by the said member, a work table through which the saw blade is movable vertically, a slide supported by the table, a work engaging member carried by the slide, a piston reciprocable in one direction by hydraulic pressure and movable in the opposite direction by adjustment of the Work contacting member in relation to the work, a reciprocating pump in the said chamber for pumping oil to the said piston, a pressure compensating device in the oil line including a spring-pressed plunger adjustable to vary the oil pressure feed to cause the oil to be discharged to the cylinder under substantially constant predetermined pressure, an air pump driven by said mechanism in the chambered base and taking air from atmosphere and discharging the same to the base to maintain oil therein under pressure, a chamber above the said chambered base, a perforate element between the two chambered portions permitting air to pass through the second named portion and preventing oil from splashing thereinto, a conduit leading from the second named member and discharging to the work surface at the point of contact of the cutting blade therewith providing an air stream free from pulsations of the pump and from material oil content whereby the cuttings are blown from the surface of the work.

7. In a machine of the character described, a reciprocable cutting tool, a work table through which the tool is reciprocable, a work feed mechanism for causing work to automatically feed against the tool, comprising a slide carried by the table, a hydraulic mechanism for causing the slide to move and thereby force the work against the cutting tool, the slide being arranged for limited movement relative to the table whereby the extent of movement of the work by the feeding mechanism is limited, adjustable work contacting means carried by the slide permitting the slide to be reset during operation of the machine tomaintain the work under hydraulic pressure, a pump operating to intermittently supply fluid to the said hydraulic mechanism, a conduit between the pump and the hydraulic mechanism, and means open to the conduit for maintaining continuous flow of fluid under substantially constant pressure to the hydraulic mechanism.

8. A machine of the character described, comprising a base, a work table supported thereby, a reciprocable tool having a cutting and an idle stroke, means for reciprocating the tool, the table having an aperture through which the tool reciprocates, a feed mechanism for moving the work against the tool, said feed mechanism comprising a slide, a work contacting member carried by the slide and adjustable in relation thereto in its direction of movement, a hydraulic means for moving the slide to thereby move the work into engagement with the tool, a stop on the said slide limited in its extent of movement toward the tooland the adjustment of the work contacting member providing a means permitting the operator to reset the slide at intervals to maintain the work constantly under feed by the hydraulic means.

EDD C. OLIVER. 

